Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
May 1977
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977apj...213..900b&link_type=abstract
Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 213, May 1, 1977, p. 900-905.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
67
Solar Gravitation, Solar Rotation, Sunspots, Umbras, Convective Flow, Doppler Effect, Radiant Flux Density, Red Shift, Solar Limb, Solar Spectra
Scientific paper
Material motions in the umbrae of a number of sunspots have been measured on an absolute scale by means of the g = 0 line of Ti I at 5713 A. It is found that the rates of solar rotation as derived from sunspot proper motions and from spectra are identical to within 1% and that the vertical flow inside umbrae is small, being less than 25 m/s when the pressure shift is ignored. The so-called limb effect is absent in the umbrae leading to an upper limit to the convective energy flux of 0.5% of the radiative energy flux outside sunspots. The position of the line with respect to its laboratory wavelengths is shifted to the red by 613 m/s, in agreement with the predicted gravitational redshift of 636 m/s.
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