Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Aug 1977
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977s%26t....54...84o&link_type=abstract
Sky and Telescope, vol. 54, Aug. 1977, p. 84-89, 108.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
Astronomical Models, Black Holes (Astronomy), Quantum Theory, Relativity, Antimatter, Big Bang Cosmology, Gravitational Collapse, X Ray Sources
Scientific paper
Hawking's contributions to black-hole theory are discussed. The development of the classical theory of black holes is reviewed, and attention is given to primordial black holes, the 'no-hair' theorem, the mathematical analogy between black-hole mechanics and thermodynamics, physical singularities, and white holes. Hawking's application of quantum theory to black holes is examined along with the startling result obtained, viz., that black holes would appear to create and emit elementary particles with a thermal spectrum. The time-reversed pair-production mechanism of black-hole emission is described, Hawking's 'principle of ignorance' (i.e., that black holes add an extra degree of randomness or uncertainty to the universe) is outlined, and the concept of quantum fluctuations in the geometry of space is explained. Application of the principle of ignorance to the big-bang singularity is noted as an aid in explaining some observed features of the universe, such as the extreme isotropy of the cosmic microwave background and the apparent dominance of matter over antimatter.
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