Optical displays: A tutorial on images and image formation

Computer Science

Scientific paper

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Display Devices, Eyepieces, Helmet Mounted Displays, Image Processing, Lenses, Magnification, Microscopes, Telescopes, Algebra, Eye (Anatomy), Gauss Equation, Images, Trigonometry

Scientific paper

The tutorial presents basic image and optical display concepts. To aid in understanding the concepts, discussion, figures, and tables, derivations in detail of optical equations are presented. Examples and alternative derivations clarify the concepts. High school algebra and trigonometry are adequate for following the derivations. Extensive use is made of the basic Gauss lens equation relating object distance and lens focal length to image distance. Topics include real and virtual images, image size and distance, proper viewing distance, exit pupil diameter and location, varying optical distance with a magnifier, focal length, objectives and eyepieces, relays, microscopes and telescopes, optical system complexity, etc. Compound optical systems with an objective and an eyepiece, and systems that also include a relay lens, are examined. Optical and mechanical considerations for helmet-mounted displays (HMDs), and the compromises and trade-offs required in designing such systems are presented in considerable detail.

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