Large-scale far-infrared mapping of the S 235 molecular cloud

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Astronomical Maps, Far Infrared Radiation, Infrared Astronomy, Interstellar Matter, Molecular Clouds, Carbon Monoxide, Chemical Composition, Cooling, Cosmic Dust, Density Distribution, Flux Density, Luminosity, Stellar Evolution

Scientific paper

In the present 70 and 130 micron maps of the entire S 235 molecular cloud, the dust temperature is higher than the gas kinetic temperature at every position. This is a necessary condition for the gas to be heated through collisions with hot dust grains, and although known embedded sources can maintain most of the required heating, the surface distribution of the dust temperature indicates that additional heat sources which are heavily obscured may exist. Only graphite is likely to be heated to the observed temperatures by known embedded stars. By combining far-IR and molecular data, it is proposed that the cloud density structure is inhomogeneous, with high density clumps immersed in a medium with lower density.

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