Ice studies in the Barents Sea by ERS-1 SAR during SIZEX 92

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The Seasonal Ice Zone Experiment (SIZEX 92) is a sea ice validation program for ERS-1 SAR. The main field experiment was carried out in the Barents Sea in March 1992 using the icestrengthened vessel Polarsyssel, a helicopter and the research vessel Håkon Mosby which operated in thin ice outside the main ice edge. In situ measurements, aerial photographs and video records were obtained from different ice types such as multiyear, firstyear, refrozen leads, pancake ice, grease ice and icebergs. Approximately 50 low-resolution SAR scenes (100 m) and 5 full-resolution SAR scenes (25 m) were obtained from ERS-1 during the experiment. The SAR scenes were downlinked at Tromsø Satellite Station and transmitted to NERSC in real-time by a computer network. At NERSC the images were analysed and sent out to the ships by telefax 2 - 3 hours after the satellite overpass.
The experiment showed that multiyear ice, which was more than 4 m thick, had generally higher SAR backscatter values than the firstyear ice in the interior of the ice pack. On the other hand, firstyear ice which dominated in a 30 - 40 km wide zone inside the ice edge had similar backscatter level as the multiyear ice. The lowest backscatter values were found in refrozen leads and in areas outside the ice edge were grease was formed. In addition to ice type classification the SAR images from ERS-1 were useful to characterize the ice edge, estimate ice concentration, locate leads/polynyas, find shear zones in the ice pack, quantify ice motion and map areas of new ice formation.

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