The Transition from L to T: Chemistry and Classification

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The growing numbers of brown dwarfs have largely been divided into two new spectral classes, L and T. Subclassification systems for L, based on optical (0.6--1.0 μm) spectra, have existed since 1999, but there is a need for infrared systems for both spectral classes. The differences in the infrared (1.0--2.5 μm) characteristics of L spectra and T spectra observed prior to 2000 are huge, all then-known T dwarfs showing strong methane absorption bands, and all L dwarfs devoid of these bands. However, in the last 2-3 years a significant number of brown dwarfs with infrared spectra in transition between the L and first observed T types have been discovered. The spectra of late L dwarfs and these ``transition objects'' can be put into a well ordered sequence of increasing H_2O and CH_4 band strengths and decreasing CO band strengths. Specific infrared spectral indicators have been found that allow the L and T sequences to be linked and the boundary between L and T to be precisely defined. In current T classification schemes the transition objects are defined as early T dwarfs. We recommend that the boundary between the L and T classes be defined as the first appearance of methane absorption just longward of 1.60 μm, in the H band.

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