Biology
Scientific paper
Sep 1979
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1979icar...39..385w&link_type=abstract
(American Astronomical Society, Annual Meeting, 9th, Boston, Mass., Oct. 29, 1977.) Icarus, vol. 39, Sept. 1979, p. 385-400.
Biology
49
Evaporation Rate, Ice Floes, Mars Atmosphere, Mars Surface, Viking Mars Program, Atmospheric Pressure, Channel Flow, Evaporative Cooling, Insolation, Radiant Cooling, Rivers, Solar Heating, Temperature Effects, Mars, Ice, Evaporation, Planets, Atmosphere, Surface, Data, Heating, Cooling, Thickness, Photon Flux, Wind, Convection, Water Vapor, Eddy Diffusion, Channels, Formation Of, Flow, Temperatures, Morphology, Permafrost, Geomorphology, Pressure, Climate, Volatiles, Viking, Friction Velocity, Geothermomet
Scientific paper
The existence of ice covered rivers on Mars is considered. It is noted that the evaporation rate of water ice on the surface of a planet with an atmosphere involves an equilibrium between solar heating and radiative and evaporative cooling of the ice layer. It is determined that even with a mean Martian insolation rate above the ice of approximately 10 to the -8th g per sq cm/sec, a flowing channel of liquid water will be covered by ice which evaporates sufficiently slowly that the water below can flow for hundreds of kilometers even with modest discharges. Evaporation rates are calculated for a range of frictional velocities, atmospheric pressures, and insolations and it is suggested that some subset of observed Martian channels may have formed as ice-choked rivers. Finally, the exobiological implications of ice covered channels or lakes on Mars are discussed.
Sagan Carl
Wallace David
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