Interstellar molecule formation in grain mantles - The laboratory analog experiments, results and implications

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Cosmic Dust, Infrared Spectra, Interstellar Chemistry, Interstellar Matter, Photolysis, Absorption Spectra, Far Ultraviolet Radiation, Low Temperature, Ultraviolet Absorption, Ultraviolet Spectra

Scientific paper

Studies of the effects of ultraviolet photolysis of interstellar grain mantles which consist of combinations of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, ('dirty ice'), are presented. It is shown that photolysis processes of interstellar grains are important during most of their lifetime. A laboratory designed for astrophysical situations involving interstellar grains provides observations of the infrared absorption spectra of photolyzed samples of ices to follow the evolution of grain analogs. The evolution of a grain and its role as a source and sink of molecules is pictured as a statistical process within dense clouds, and the accretion on and photolysis of an individual grain provides the stored chemical energy the release of which produces the impulsive heating needed to eject or evaporate a portion of the grain mantle. A complex refractory substance with the infrared signatures of amino and carboxylic acid groups was produced; the shape and position of the astronomically observed 3.1 micron band was duplicated in the laboratory and was shown to be a natural consequence of the processing of grain mantles.

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