Contributions to the Kinematics of Type I Tails of Comets

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Observed irregular ‘oscillations’ of the ion tail axis in comets have by some authors been brought in connection with changes in the flow conditions in the solar wind. We are defending in this paper — by arguments resting on well known observations — the conception that these ‘oscillations’ are caused by slight variations in the emission conditions for the ions at their source which has always its place close to the cometary nucleus. A complete renovation of the innermost tail part up to a length of a few million km (called by Hoffmeister the primary tail) and defining the tail axis can take place within a few to several hours. Shifts of this axis are becoming visible when the new tail rays finish their closure along another direction than the earlier ones. The not so rarely observed jumps in the direction of the primary tail lead in connection with the large time scale — of about 24h — for a complete closure of a ray system from an individual ion out-break to the conclusion that we should expect occasionally the existence of two (or even more) different axis to which tail rays make their closure. Some photographs of Comet Bennett 1969i seem to show such double axis.

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