Long time delay between the peaks of intense solar hard X-ray and microwave bursts

Details Long time delay between the peaks of intense solar hard X-ray and microwave bursts Long time delay between the peaks of intense solar hard X-ray and microwave bursts

Dec 1983

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1983soph...89..379t&link_type=abstract

Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938), vol. 89, Dec. 1983, p. 379-390.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

15

Microwave Emission, Solar Radio Bursts, Solar X-Rays, Time Lag, Japanese Spacecraft, Optical Thickness, Spaceborne Astronomy, Temporal Distribution, X Ray Astronomy

Scientific paper

It is shown that the long time delays (more than five seconds) between the peaks of intense hard X-ray and microwave bursts are concerned with two independent phenomena. One is the energy-dependent time delays in X-rays, and the other is the frequency-dependent time delays in microwaves. The time delays of 5 s to 10 s between the peaks of solar hard X-ray burst (less than about 100 keV) obtained with Hinotori spacecraft and microwave burst at 17 GHz were observed exceptionally in three intense events with a spectral maximum at about 17 GHz. It is found that the peak of harder X-rays (more than about 300 keV) also delays these events by about the same amount with respect to the softer X-rays (less than about 100 keV), so that the peak at 17 GHz nearly coincides (less than about 4 s) with that of the harder X-rays. This is quite reasonable because the gyro synchrotron emissions from the electrons below about 100 keV in the solar flares are generally negligible at high microwave frequencies (more than about 10 GHz). The optical thickness of the radio source decreases with frequency, and is unity at about 10-20 GHz in intense bursts, as inferred from the radio spectrum. Further delay of the peaks at the lower microwave frequencies is attributed to the temporal increase in the effective size of radio source, which is optically thick at the lower frequencies.

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