On sums involving products of three binomial coefficients

Mathematics – Number Theory

Scientific paper

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20 pages, polished version. Th. 1.2 updated

Scientific paper

In this paper we study congruences for sums of terms involving products of three binomial coefficients. Let p>3 be a prime. We show that $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom(2k,k)^2\bi{2k,k+d)/64^k =0 (mod p^2)$$ for all d=0,1,...,p-1 with d=(p+1)/2 (mod 2). If p=1(mod 4) and $p=x^2+y^2$ with x=1(mod 4) and y=0(mod 2), then we show $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom(2k,k)^2\binom(2k,k+1)/(-8)^k = 2p-2x^2 (mod p^2) and \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom(2k,k)\binom(2k,k+1)^2/(-8)^k}=-2p (mod p^2)$$ by means of determining x mod p^2 via $$(-1)^{(p-1)/4}x=\sum_{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}(k+1)\binom(2k,k)^2/8^k =\sum_{k=0}^{(p-1)/2}(2k+1)\binom(2k,k)^2/(-16)^k (mod p^2).$$ We also solve the remaining open cases of Rodriguez-Villegas' conjectured congruences on $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom(2k,k)^2\binom(3k,k)/108^k, \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom(2k,k)^2\binom(4k,2k)/256^k, \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom(2k,k)\binom(3k,k)\binom(6k,3k)/12^{3k}$$ modulo p^2.

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