The effect of gas and grain opacity on the cooling of brown dwarfs

Details The effect of gas and grain opacity on the cooling of brown dwarfs The effect of gas and grain opacity on the cooling of brown dwarfs

Mar 1989

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989apj...338..314l&link_type=abstract

Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 338, March 1, 1989, p. 314-337. Research supported by the Alfred P. Sloan F

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

56

Brown Dwarf Stars, Cooling, Opacity, Stellar Atmospheres, Stellar Interiors, Astronomical Models, Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, Particle Size Distribution, Pressure Distribution, Stellar Evolution, Temperature Distribution

Scientific paper

The thermal evolution of substellar mass objects in which grain formation occurs in the outer envelope or atmosphere is investigated. Models spanning the brown-dwarf mass range are constructed and their cooling histories are investigated. Henyey-code calculations verify that the interior is fully adiabatic for the stages of evolution investigated. At effective temperatures below 2500 K, 'cloud' formation in the atmosphere causes a strong variation in opacity with effective temperature. The effect on the temperature profile is a strong function of particle size and vertical distribution of grains. The interior and the atmosphere are matched at the pressure level corresponding to the top of the deep convection zone; through this matching, the radius and luminosity as a function of time are perturbed by grain formation. The results are used to construct luminosity functions for substellar objects and to compare two candidate brown dwarfs with the models.

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