Temperatures of Hot Young Accreting Planets and Timescales for Cooling

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Early in terrestrial planet evolution energetic impact, radiodecay, and core formation may have created one or more whole or partial silicate mantle magma oceans. In young extrasolar systems, such hot objects could be visible despite their small size. Here I describe the expected solidification process of rocky planets, and model the time to cool surface conditions for whole and partial magma oceans. Included in my calculations are partitioning of water and carbon dioxide between solidifying mantle cumulate mineral assemblages, evolving liquid compositions, and a growing atmosphere. I find that for Earth-sized planets small initial volatile contents (0.05 wt% H2O, 0.01 wt% CO2) can produce atmospheres in excess of 100 bars, and that mantle solidification is 98% complete in less than 5 Myr years for all magma oceans investigated on both Earth and Mars, and less than 100,000 years for low-volatile magma oceans. Subsequent cooling to surface temperatures below 600C occurs in five to tens of Ma, underscoring the likelihood of observing young planets.

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