The impact of stellar activity on planets

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Magnetic activity in the Sun, and low-mass stars in general, manifests itself in the form of high-energy and particle emissions. Besides an associated strong level of variability over various timescales (rotational modulation, flares, cycles), such activity has overall decreased very significantly with time, a fact that is related to the solar spin down and the subsequent loss of efficiency of energy generation mechanisms. The results indicate that the emissions of the young Sun in X rays, far ultraviolet and ultraviolet were stronger than today by factors of 1000-100, 60-20, and 20-10, respectively. It has also been found that the particle emissions would have also been much stronger in the past. Moreover, the extension of this kind of studies to other spectral types suggests that late-G, K and M stars had activity levels relatively even larger than those of solar-type stars. Such environment of intense energy and particle emissions could have had a strong influence on the paleo-atmospheres of Solar System planets and also on the habitability and stability of exoplanets. In this talk we briefly review some of these aspects.

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