Magnetic Field Topology and Observed Energy Release Locations

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The magnetic field is thought to be the source of the energy release in many and varied observed coronal phenomena, from the less energetic coronal heating to the most violent flares and prominence eruptions. These phenomena involve not only very different scales from the energetic, but also from the temporal, point of view. Magnetic field reconnection, which is efficient only at very small spatial scales, has been the energy release mechanism that has been so far proposed. From a theoretical point of view, magnetic configurations with a complex topology, i.e. having separatrices, are the ones where current sheets can form in 2D. When going to 3D, and if the photospheric magnetic field is described by a series of isolated polarities (surrounded by field free regions), a complete topological description is given by the skeleton formed by null points, spines, fans and separators, and associated separatrices. However, if the photosphere is fully magnetized, most of the above topological structures disappear: only separatrices associated to coronal magnetic nulls remain. An extra set of separatrices is associated to the field lines curved up above the photosphere (defining the bald-patch locations). For some observed magnetic configurations, those topological structures are enough to understand where flare brightenings appear as a result of magnetic field reconnection. However, solar active phenomena are seen to occur also in a larger variety of configurations. Quasi-separatrix layers, which are regions where there is a drastic change in field-line linkage, generalize the concept of separatrices to magnetic configurations without magnetic null points and bald patches. We will review examples of observed flaring regions and their topologies that show us that magnetic reconnection can occur in wider variety of magnetic configurations than traditionally thought.

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