Evidence for Solar Shock Production of Heliospheric Near-Relativistic and Relativistic Electron Events

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Electrons with near-relativistic (E ≥ 30 keV, NR) and relativistic (E ≥ 0.5 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≥ 1000 km/s. Many heliospheric electron events are temporally associated with coronal flares but not with CMEs, suggesting that alternative acceleration mechanisms are in play. We review the results of various methods to deduce whether shocks are a viable acceleration mechanism for energetic electrons. This work involves comparisons of: electron events with associated solar events and with accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; electron solar injection times with CME onsets; and electron spectral dependencies on CME speeds. This evidence suggests that MHD shocks are one of several acceleration mechanisms responsible for the production of the NR and relativistic electron events.

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