Other
Scientific paper
Dec 2009
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009agufmsa23c..05s&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #SA23C-05
Other
[2437] Ionosphere / Ionospheric Dynamics, [2443] Ionosphere / Midlatitude Ionosphere, [2447] Ionosphere / Modeling And Forecasting, [2463] Ionosphere / Plasma Convection
Scientific paper
The mid- and high-latitude ionosphere has a long history of observations of plasma gradients: the mid-latitude trough, the tongue of ionization, the polar hole, the traveling ionospheric disturbances, the storm enhanced density, and most recently the ridge of dayside ionization that has been detrimental to Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). These are primarily F-region phenomena that are associated with long time scale processes. In contrast the E-region has structures whose lifetimes are much shorter based on chemistry time scales, although other structures such as sporadic-E structures tend to be long lived as a complex phenomena. Our understanding of the processes that lead to these F-region structures has on-going debates since for almost all structures there are more than one effective mechanism. Indeed the probable outcome is that several mechanisms act together to create the structures. Modeling, based on first principles physics, has been a very successful approach to understanding how these structures are formed. Modeling enables the "what-if" scenarios to be tested and the effectiveness of individual processes to be determined. The topic of this presentation will be the mechanisms that lead to F-region gradients. Specific examples of how effective these are will be demonstrated using physics-based ionospheric models. The objective will be to present methods by which scientists can determine how, in a "systems-based" approach, each mechanism is evaluated. Two extreme scenarios will be focused on, the mid-latitude SuperStorm ridge of ionization and the effect of coronal hole fast streams on the solar minimum ionosphere.
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