The Be stars

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Astrophysics, B Stars, Early Stars, Stellar Spectra, Binary Stars, Classifications, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Models, Stellar Rotation, Stellar Spectrophotometry, Variable Stars

Scientific paper

'Classical' Be stars are examined and their relationship to normal B-type stars is determined. Spectral classification determined that Be stars are located 0.5-1.0 magnitude above the main sequence and that they do not rotate with the normal critical velocity at which centrifugal force balances equatorial gravitational force. Physical characteristics of Be shells employing ultraviolet, infrared, radio, and polarization measurements are discussed and it is suggested that Be shells are lenticular with radii 3 to 20 times the radius of the underlying star, that their excitation temperature is lower than those of the reversing layer and that their electron densities range from 10 to the 10th to 10 to the 13th/cu cm. Models for the envelopes of Be stars are reviewed including state-state stellar wind models, time-dependent stellar wind models, the elliptical ring model, disk models, and binary models.

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