The geology of Mars

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Geology, Mars Surface, Meteorite Craters, Volcanology, Canals, Erosion, Mariner 9 Space Probe, Planetary Evolution, Polar Caps

Scientific paper

The Mariner 9 mission revealed Mars to be a much more diverse planet geologically than had been anticipated. Large volcanoes of widely different ages and extensive fracture systems attest to a long history of internal activity while the preservation of large areas of primitive densely cratered terrain indicates that crustal mobility and erosional processes have been far less effective than on earth in destroying the early record. Perhaps the greatest surprise of Mariner 9 was the discovery of fluvial-like features. Since liquid water is unstable under present conditions at the Martian surface, the presence of the channels indicates either an origin other than aqueous or climatic conditions in the past that were quite different from those that presently prevail. The great canyons and numerous cliff-like features suggestive of active erosion were also surprises, as were the widespread layered deposits at the poles.

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