Dec 2007
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2007foph...37.1774s&link_type=abstract
Foundations of Physics, Volume 37, Issue 12, pp.1774-1797
Biology
Second Law Of Thermodynamics, Entropy, Extremophiles, Thermophiles, Astrobiology, Exobiology
Scientific paper
Two categories of life are currently recognized—chemosynthetic and photosynthetic—indicating their principal free energy resource as either chemicals or electromagnetic radiation. Building on recent developments in thermodynamics, we posit a third category of life— thermosynthetic life (TL)—which relies on environmental heat rather than traditional free energy sources. Since thermal energy is more abundant than chemicals or light in many settings, thermosynthesis offers compelling evolutionary possibilities for new life forms. Based on variants of standard cellular machinery, a physical model is proposed for the conversion of thermal energy into biochemical work. Conditions favorable to thermosynthetic life and prospects for its discovery are assessed. Terrestrially, deep-subsurface unicellular anaerobic superthermophiles are deduced to be likely TL candidates.
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