Mineralogical features detected in the 5 - 12 μm range with ISO-SWS: hints of carbonate minerals

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In July-August 1997, the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) acquired three 2.4-45 mu m spectra of Mars at 1500-2500 spectral resolution. Absorptions due to atmospheric gases (CO2, H2O, and CO) were recorded, and additional features are attributed to solid state bands of minerals at the dusty surface, or in the dust suspended in the atmosphere. Whilst the broad features centered near 10 mu m can be interpreted as band transitions in felsic silicates, followed by possibilities of pyroxene, clay mineral, iron oxide, and sulfate transitions in the 5 - 12 mu m range, two prominent features present near 7 and 11 mu m are inconsistent with these mineral phases. The wavelength positions, band strengths, and widths are distinct. In a comparison to numerous laboratory mineral spectra measured in emission, reflectance, and transmission, we found that only transmission spectra of carbonates exhibit band characteristics similar to those seen in the ISO data. To pursue this, we compared a wide range of carbonate transmission spectra, and produced a simple synthetic spectrum composed of a silicate and a carbonate, adopting labradorite and optical constants for particulate calcite. The model is grossly in agreement with the observations, but we find no exact match in band minima wavelengths between observations and carbonate laboratory spectra for both bands simultaneously. The most consistent positions occur in the Mg- and Fe-rich carbonates. The question of carbonate detection in our spatially unresolved spectra has been investigated, particularly since the 7 and 11 mu m bands have gone unreported in studies of the Mariner 6/7 and 9, and MGS-TES spectra. In a companion talk by Lellouch et al., we are able to offer evidence that these features are indeed present in other data sets, and that another strong absorption band near 31 mu m, also seen in carbonate measurements, is indicated in the ISO data.

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