The Association of Upstream Events with CIRs and CMEs

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7513 Coronal Mass Ejections, 7514 Energetic Particles (2114), 7536 Solar Activity Cycle (2162), 7807 Charged Particle Motion And Acceleration, 7851 Shock Waves

Scientific paper

Upstream events are energetic particles that escape from or through the earth's bow shock into interplanetary space, with energies extending up to ~1 MeV. Despite having been observed for several decades, there is still no consensus on whether these events originate from the magnetosphere or the bow shock. Upstream events are known to correlate with geomagnetic activity, in particular the Kp index, but they also correlate with the solar wind speed, making it difficult to identify the underlying mechanisms that are important for producing these particles. Recent observations by the Wind spacecraft have shown that not all geomagnetic disturbances are the same when it comes to producing upstream events, with some producing large numbers of intense events and others almost none at all. For instance, CIRs appear especially efficient at producing upstream events, but CME often do not produce them in any significant numbers. In this talk, preliminary results will be presented from an investigation, using Wind observations, of the association of upstream events with CMEs, CIRs and other interplanetary disturbances that strike the earth.

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