Extraterrestrial Lidar Data: The Adventure Continues

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Scientific paper

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1227 Planetary Geodesy And Gravity (5420, 5714, 6019)

Scientific paper

Since 1971-72, when three Apollo missions carried laser altimeters to the Moon, to the Mars Global Surveyor mission operating the MOLA instrument for nearly 1000 days, the number of planetary ranges has increased by more than 5 orders of magnitude, and accuracy by nearly 3 orders. This increasing volume of data permits significant refinements to orbital and attitude knowledge via the use of altimetric crossovers. Studies have demonstrated that the stability and sub-meter ranging precision of modern laser rangefinders provides a strong tracking data type. Future orbital missions to Mercury (MESSENGER) and other minor planets (DAWN) as well as terrestrial missions will make exacting demands on knowledge of spacecraft position and orientation. These spacecraft may be subject to intense thermal cycling and may not operate in an optimal geometry. We present an ongoing study of thermal and other transient effects from the experience of the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Laser Rangefinder (NLR) and the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Incorporation of constraints from imaging at crossovers, a promising technique for improving fine-scale pointing accuracy, will be considered in the context of the NLR investigation.

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