Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Jan 2009
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009aas...21347436s&link_type=abstract
American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #213, #474.36; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 41, p.434
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Scientific paper
ARCADE 2 (Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology Astrophysics and Diffuse Emission) is a balloon-borne experiment to measure the radiometric temperature of the cosmic microwave background and Galactic and extra-Galactic emission at six frequencies from 3 to 90 GHz. Science goals include constraining deviations from blackbody in the CMB spectrum, measuring the components of microwave emission from our Galaxy, and detecting an extra-Galactic microwave background.
In order to achieve accurate and precise radiometric temperature measurements of the microwave sky, we utilize a double-null design where emission from the sky is compared to that from an external cryogenic full-aperture blackbody calibrator with cryogenic switching radiometers containing internal blackbody reference loads.
To further minimize sources of systematic error, ARCADE 2 features a cold fully open aperture with all radiometrically active components maintained at near 2.7 K at the top of an open bucket dewar. This is achieved without windows or a view of other warm objects, through a novel thermal design. The ability to measure and control the temperature of cryogenic components while in the presence of a variable helium gas flow and potentially exposed to ambient sources of warming is the limiting factor in the precision of radiometric temperature measurements made with ARCADE 2. Thermal measurement and control is the most important and challenging facet of the experiment.
This research has been supported by NASA's Science Mission Directorate under the Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis suborbital program.
Fixsen Dale
Kogut Alan
Levin Sergey
Limon Michele
Lubin Philip
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