S-process deficiencies in low-mass supergiant variables

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Abundance, Cepheid Variables, Stellar Composition, Supergiant Stars, Variable Stars, Echelle Gratings, Heavy Elements, Mass Ratios, Metallicity, Stellar Atmospheres

Scientific paper

Abundance analyses of four low-mass supergiant variable stars and two Population I Cepheids have been carried out. The Population I Cepheids show normal, solar element ratios, and the low-mass variables show metallicities ranging from solar down to (Fe/H) values typical of thick-disk and, in a few cases, of halo stars. Most low-mass variables show a systematic underabundance of the heavy s- and r-process elements. The heavy-element underabundances correlate with second ionization potential in a manner suggesting that they are a non-LTE phenomenon arising from overionization by Lyman-continuum photons. Several low-mass variables, including RU Cen and V553 Cen, show carbon enhancements and solar s-process abundances. Relative to the majority of the type II variables, these stars are s-process enhanced, and it is argued that they are related to the Ba II and CH stars.

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