Sunspot vector magnetic fields and model umbral atmospheres

Computer Science

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Solar Magnetic Field, Stellar Models, Stokes Theorem (Vector Calculus), Sunspots, Umbras, Zeeman Effect, Line Spectra, Magnetic Flux, Polarimeters, Stokes Law Of Radiation, Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Scientific paper

The Stokes parameters provide a complete description of the polarization of electromagnetic radiation. The Stokes polarimeter of the High Altitude Observatory, which is capable of measuring all four Stokes parameters simulataneously across a spectral line profile, was used to observe a round, unipolar sunspot in three absorption lines and the nearby continua. Observations in the weak Zeeman triple lambda 6302.50 A are used to derive the vector magnetic field B across the spot. Doppler shift measurements in the Zeeman-insensitive line Fe I lambda 5576.10 A show no significant vertical flows in the spot. Finally, Stokes profiles of the Zeeman-sensitive resonance line Na I D2 lambda 5889.96 A are used to probe the depth variation of the magnetic field and to obtain a model atmosphere for the umbra. Combination of the weak- and strong-line results indicates a horizontal variation in the sum of gas and magnetic pressure in the umbra. Acoustic turbulence is proposed to prevent the creation of flows which are not observed. Possible scales of such turbulence are discussed.

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