Cosmological limits on photon splitting

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

General conservation laws and symmetries permit one photon to split into three all traveling in the original direction. But QED predicts that this process has vanishing probability. Observations of the 3-K microwave background and optical line spectra of quasars can be used to test this over cosmic length scales. We discuss photon splitting within the framework of a Lorentz-covariant, phenomenological theory. This theory predicts (a) spectral broadening, (b) frequency-dependent red-shift, and (c) multiple red-shifts for each source. Because these effects do not show up, we can set observational limits on the parameters that govern the splitting. In particular, the 3-K background implies that a photon of arbitrary wavelength λ propagating in flat space (i.e., without cosmological reddening) must have a decay lifetime larger than (6 cmλ)t, where t is the present age of the universe.

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