The origin of cosmic rays in spiral galaxies

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Cosmic Rays, Radiation Distribution, Spiral Galaxies, Astronomical Photometry, Energy Spectra, Interstellar Matter, Shock Waves, Synchrotron Radiation

Scientific paper

The distribution and propagation of cosmic rays (CRs) in the Galaxy and other spiral galaxies are examined, reviewing the results of recent observations. Data on the Galactic CR energy content, energy spectrum, mass composition, isotope ratios, and the dependence of abundances on ionization potential are compiled in tables and graphs, and the ability of proposed CR sources to account for these characteristics is assessed. Statistical investigations and low- and high-resolution optical and radio observations of other galaxies are surveyed, and typical data are presented in contour maps. Consideration is then given to the possible production of CRs in SNR, stellar-wind, galactic-wind, and accretion shocks; by stochastic or second-order Fermi acceleration; by neutral-sheet magnetic reconnection; or by betatron, magnetic-pumping, electrodynamic-acceleration, detonation, or plasma-expansion mechanisms.

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