Optimization of a multiple lunar-swingby trajectory sequence

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International Sun Earth Explorer 3, Lunar Trajectories, Spacecraft Maneuvers, Swingby Technique, Trajectory Optimization, Apogees, Comets

Scientific paper

Maneuver planning procedures which permitted halving the on-board fuel consumption originally thought necessary for altering the ISEE-3 orbit from an earth-moon libration point to exploration of the terrestrial magnetotail and then on to passage through the Giacobini-Zimmer comet tail are described. The goal was to minimize the sum of delta-V maneuver components and yet meet mission and scientific requirements. Another constraint was to avoid eclipse conditions that could degrade ISEE-3 power levels and thereby thermal control capabilities, which might have destroyed the maneuvering system. The spacecraft had to stay within 6 deg of the ecliptic to assure data continuity. Swingbys of the moon were computed as needed to account for perturbations due to the earth-moon-sun system. Plane change maneuvers were found to require minimal thrust if performed at the slow-motion apogee position. The actual maneuvers for each lunar swingby are detailed.

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