The sound of accretion disks: An analytical investigation of diskoseismic modes and their damping and growing rates

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We review the theory of equilibrium models of accretion disks. We then review relativistic diskoseismology, the theory of normal mode oscillations of geometrically thin, optically thick accretion disks around black holes and compact neutron stars. The problem can be reduced to a single linear two-dimensional second-order partial differential equation, with appropriate boundary conditions. As in quantum mechanics, for example, this yields trapped modes with a discrete spectrum of eigenfrequencies. Diskoseismology reveals the existence of several types of mode, dubbed p-, g- and c-modes in analogy to helioseismology, the study of oscillations in the Sun. We obtain an approximate analytical solution for the p- modes. We show the dependence of the modes' properties on the mass and angular momentum of the black hole, and on the luminosity and viscosity parameter of the disk. We compare our results with the relevant observational data. Since these modes do not exist in Newtonian gravity, they can provide a test for general relativity in a strong- field régime. We analyze the perturbations of weakly viscous, barotropic, non-self-gravitating Newtonian rotating fluids, and find that viscosity induces an imaginary component in the mode eigenfrequencies. In particular, the presence of viscosity, which is necessary for the very existence of the accretion disk, can also cause some of the diskoseismic modes to grow. This should be taken into account when searching for observational signatures of the modes.

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