General Relativistic Frame-Dragging in Neutron Stars and Black Holes

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Neutron stars and Black holes provide a highly favorable setting for the detection of the Lense-Thirring effect, the tendency of massive rotating bodies to move inertial frames in the direction of their rotation. Hercules X-1, an X-ray binary system with a slowly precessing tilted accretion disk around a briskly rotating neutron star, shows evidence of the frame-dragging effect. The effect due to the neutron star, leaves its imprints on the structure of the disk, causing distortions in its innermost parts. This structure is then probed, and evidence for the occurence of the frame-dragging effect thereby gathered, through the study of the variations in the pulse profiles at different times, when the inner disk edge lies at different positions with respect to the disk distortions caused by the Lense-Thirring effect. It is shown that data now available on pulse profile variations are adequate to demonstrate that the disk is flattened into the equatorial plane of the neutron star at small radii in a manner consistent with and in certain ways revealing of the actions of a Lense-Thirring effect of the expected magnitude in accordance with general relativity. No simple other explanation appears likely.

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