Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Dec 2004
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004agufm.g22a..07c&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2004, abstract #G22A-07
Mathematics
Logic
6969 Remote Sensing, 2435 Ionospheric Disturbances, 2494 Instruments And Techniques, 2736 Magnetosphere/Ionosphere Interactions, 2788 Storms And Substorms
Scientific paper
Trans-ionospheric signal propagation anomalies impact a wide variety of GPS system users. Solar outbursts drive ionosphere/magnetosphere disturbances which launch space weather storm fronts which sweep across the Americas from equatorial to polar latitudes. We investigate the characteristics and causes of these storm-time disturbances using a combination of ground and space-based observing techniques. During the November 20, 2003 superstorm event, total electron content (TEC) over the continental USA approached 300 TECu, some 10 times the normal value. Steep spatial gradients in TEC (in excess of 100 TECu per degree of latitude) were observed over the heavily-populated northeast. We use distributed ground-based imagery of ionosphere/magnetosphere TEC derived from GPS observations to produce high-resolution spatial and temporal maps of the intensity and evolution of these dynamic space weather features. During strong disturbances, a ridge of SED (storm enhanced density, greatly elevated TEC) forms across mid latitudes in the post-noon ionosphere. The evolution of continuous SED plumes stretching from the US East Coast, across Canada, and from noon to midnight across high polar latitudes is revealed using the ground-based GPS TEC observations. The MIT Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (Massachusetts) has been used to probe the altitude structure of the ionosphere in and around the SED plume, and quantifies its rapid sunward (westward) motion. Overflights with the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites locate the plume with respect to auroral particle precipitation and electric fields, further clarifying the processes leading to the formation of this global space weather feature. Correlating the ground-based and low-altitude observations with space-based imagery of the high-altitude plasmasphere (from the NASA IMAGE spacecraft) reveals that these SED features result from the erosion of the outer layers of Earth's plasmasphere by intense sub-auroral electric fields. The SED features observed over the USA extend many Earth radii into space, spanning our atmosphere from the lower ionosphere to the outer limits of the magnetosphere.
Coster Anthea J.
Foster Christopher J.
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