Origin of saline giants: A critical review after the discovery of the Mediterranean Evaporite

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Scientific paper

The bar theory first elaborated by Ochsenius has dominated our thinking on the origin of evaporites during the last century. The theory has been repeatedly amended or modified to take care of the many puzzles presented by the occurrences of giant saline deposits. Although the common trend was to envision evaporite deposition in shallow lagoons, the idea of precipitating salts in restricted deepwater bodies received increasing attention, after the recent discoveries of salt domes in modern ocean basins. Meanwhile, the alternative model of evaporite genesis in desert basins, advocated by Walther and Grabau near the turn of this century, has fallen into oblivion. The deep-sea drilling cruise to the Mediterranean has provided for the first time samples of evaporites from a giant basin which has retained much of its original settings. Evidence presented by the deep-sea drilling reports is convincing that those Upper Miocene evaporites are not deep-water salts, but were deposited in desiccated deep basins, during times of isolation when salt lakes and playas were present on the bottom of the Mediterranean, thousands of meters below sea level. The question is raised as to whether we might apply the Mediterranean model to account for the origin of some other saline giants.

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