The rate of growth of sandstone-hosted calcite concretions

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Concretion growth within sandstones can be modelled as a three-stage process, comprising solute supply, solute transport and surface reaction. Solute supply is not thought to be rate determining. R. A. Berner has proposed models for solute transport, which can be adapted to the complex calcite-water system. His model for concretion growth by diagenetic redistribution, which incorporates the replenishment of solute within the porewaters during growth by the dissolution of skeletal aragonite, is reassessed and a new solution presented. The model is also expanded to include the effects of species interconversion during transport. The relative importance of solute transport and surface-reaction can be assessed by calculating model growth times assuming each process to act in the absence of the other. In magnesium-free porewaters growth is transport controlled, in seawater it is surface-reaction controlled. In porefluids with intermediate magnesium-calcium ratios, both processes must be modelled if growth times are to be accurately predicted, with the two processes being rate balanced at the surface of the concretion. The models can be easily modified to include the effects of mobile porefluids. The models have been applied to the concretions of the Valtos Sandstone Formation of Skye, UK. A 1 m diameter concretion is predicted to grow in 9.0 Ma in stationary porefluids, or 5.7 Ma in porefluids flowing at 1 m a -1 .

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