Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Apr 1977
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977mnras.179p...1h&link_type=abstract
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 179, Apr. 1977, p. 1P-3P.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
5
Galactic Nuclei, Galaxies, Mass Distribution, Quasars, Red Shift, Density Distribution, Gravitational Collapse, Intergalactic Media, Space Density
Scientific paper
Knowledge of the most distant redshifts of quasars is used to place an upper limit of 1 trillion solar masses on the masses of the parent galaxies of the earliest quasars. The formation times of the parent galaxies are estimated to be 960 million years for quasars at a redshift of 3.5 and 1.59 billion years for quasars at a redshift of 2.5. It is concluded that the average mass of a standard galaxy at birth would have to be about 3.5 trillion solar masses in order to produce an Einstein-De Sitter universe in which all matter is contained in galaxies, that the computed upper limit is about 0.3 times the mass required for closure, and that the masses of standard galaxies at birth are not large enough to close the universe unless quasars form preferentially in the nuclei of low-mass galaxies (which is considered highly unlikely).
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