Solitosynthesis: Cosmological evolution of nontopological solitons

Details Solitosynthesis: Cosmological evolution of nontopological solitons Solitosynthesis: Cosmological evolution of nontopological solitons

Nov 1989

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989phrvd..40.3231g&link_type=abstract

Physical Review D (Particles and Fields), Volume 40, Issue 10, 15 November 1989, pp.3231-3240

Mathematics

Logic

38

Particle-Theory And Field-Theory Models Of The Early Universe, Nonlinear Or Nonlocal Theories And Models

Scientific paper

We consider the thermal creation, fusion, evaporation, and destruction of nontopological solitons (NTS's) after a phase transition in the early Universe. By defining and following NTS statistical equilibrium and departures from it, we show that depending on particle-physics parameters one of three possible scenarios occurs. If reaction rates are high enough, a period of equilibrium occurs and relic abundances are determined by the ``freeze-out'' temperature. We show that equilibrium first drives most NTS's into their constituents (free φ particles) and then causes rapid fusion into large NTS's. If freeze-out occurs during the first phase, the NTS's are almost entirely destroyed, while if it occurs during the second phase, solitosynthesis occurs and NTS's may be cosmically relevant. For slow reaction rates the NTS's are ``born frozen out'' and have the abundance determined by the phase transition. We develop analytic approximations for determining the abundances and test them by numerically integrating a reaction network in an expanding Universe. Unfortunately, for most of the parameter space considered, solitodestruction and/or evaporation occurs.

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