Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka'u Desert, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Details Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka'u Desert, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Silica in a Mars analog environment: Ka'u Desert, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Apr 2010

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2010jgre..11500d15s&link_type=abstract

Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 115, Issue E12, CiteID E00D15

Mathematics

Logic

1

Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Remote Sensing, Mineralogy And Petrology: Alteration And Weathering Processes (1039), Mineralogy And Petrology: Mineral Occurrences And Deposits, Volcanology: Field Relationships (1090, 3690), Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects: Mars

Scientific paper

Airborne Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired over the Ka'u Desert are atmospherically corrected to ground reflectance and used to identify the mineralogic components of relatively young basaltic materials, including 250-700 and 200-400 year old lava flows, 1971 and 1974 flows, ash deposits, and solfatara incrustations. To provide context, a geologic surface units map is constructed, verified with field observations, and supported by laboratory analyses. AVIRIS spectral end-members are identified in the visible (0.4 to 1.2 μm) and short wave infrared (2.0 to 2.5 μm) wavelength ranges. Nearly all the spectral variability is controlled by the presence of ferrous and ferric iron in such minerals as pyroxene, olivine, hematite, goethite, and poorly crystalline iron oxides or glass. A broad, nearly ubiquitous absorption feature centered at 2.25 μm is attributed to opaline (amorphous, hydrated) silica and is found to correlate spatially with mapped geologic surface units. Laboratory analyses show the silica to be consistently present as a deposited phase, including incrustations downwind from solfatara vents, cementing agent for ash duricrusts, and thin coatings on the youngest lava flow surfaces. A second, Ti-rich upper coating on young flows also influences spectral behavior. This study demonstrates that secondary silica is mobile in the Ka'u Desert on a variety of time scales and spatial domains. The investigation from remote, field, and laboratory perspectives also mimics exploration of Mars using orbital and landed missions, with important implications for spectral characterization of coated basalts and formation of opaline silica in arid, acidic alteration environments.

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