Disk Galaxy Warp Formation via Close Encounters

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Warped disks appear to be ubiquitous among spiral galaxies. We present a new scenario for the warp formation, in which galactic fly-by encounters are main drivers of the warp structure. Based on N-body simulation using a publicly available code Gadget2, we investigate morphological and kinematical structures of disk galaxies while the galaxies are undergoing fly-by encounters with adjacent dark matter halos. In this study, we find that warps can be excited by impulsive encounters and sustained for a few billion years. We also find that encounters cause the initially spherical halos to deform into intricate shape halos at the inner regions where warps are generated. Most of the warps from the simulation show inclination angles that are comparable to the observations. The creation of warps, their inclination and their lifetimes are governed primarily by the following three parameters: the impact parameter (the minimum distance between two halos), the mass ratio between two galaxies, and the incoming angle of the intruder. We discuss pros and cons about our alternative scenario in comparison with existing explanations.

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