Is the Sun heading for another Maunder Minimum? - Precursors of the grand solar minima

Statistics – Methodology

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

The Sun shows a quasi-periodic ~200-year cycle of activity that causes sporadic intervals of minimal sunspot activity and prolonged sunspot absence lasting for several decades. Such long-term sunspot absence may influence global climate and appears to be associated with periods of global cooling and little ice ages. Long-lasting sunspot absences since the 13th century are specifically linked to periods of increased glaciation and colder temperatures world wide and the development of "Little Ice Ages". These include the Wolf (AD 1282-342), Spoerer (AD 1416-534), Maunder (AD 1645-1715), and Dalton (AD 1795-1825) periods of sunspot minima. By contrast, increased solar activity may be linked to periods of global warming. Consequently, it is important to establish a methodology that enables predictions of near-future, long-term reductions in solar activity. However, it remains difficult to predict even the timing of onset and amplitude of the next 11-year solar cycle. To address this problem, we examined the features of precursory solar cycles related to three prolonged intervals of sunspot absence that occurred during the past ~600 years. Carbon-14 based analyses of the evolution of solar cycles around the onset of two prolonged periods of sunspot absence, the Maunder Minimum and the Spoerer Minimum, reveal that at least the two preceding solar cycles were longer than usual by several years, as were the cycles during the periods of sunspot absence. The solar cycle is likely to show characteristic precursory features leading up to intervals of sunspot absence, and which can be differentiated by events of different durations.

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