Theoretical zenith angle distribution of atmospheric MeV gamma radiation at high balloon altitudes

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Atmospheric Radiation, Gamma Rays, High Altitude Balloons, Radiation Distribution, Bremsstrahlung, Compton Effect, High Altitude, Monte Carlo Method, Zenith

Scientific paper

A simple model was developed in order to interpret the recently measured zenith angle distribution of MeV gamma-rays in the upper atmosphere, which shows a maximum of intensity at angles around 120 deg (upward moving direction). Because gamma-ray production by electron bremsstrahlung is by far the most important process in this energy range, an attempt was made to derive the gamma-ray source functions within the atmosphere from measured electron fluxes. The transport of gamma-rays from their source position to the detector altitude was simulated in a Monte Carlo calculation. The calculation shows that the observed maximum around zenith angles of 120 deg is caused by those gamma-rays which were originally ejected preferentially in the horizontal direction but which were Compton-scattered on their way to the detector. Because the mean Compton scattering angle and the scattering probability depend on energy, the maximum in the zenith angle distribution varies with energy: with increasing energy it is more and more shifted towards 90 deg.

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