Shocks as mechanism for the acceleration and propagation of energetic particles

Computer Science

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Scientific paper

From the viewpoint of large particle events, in particular large impulsive events that can be observed at angular distances up to 100° from the flare site, we re-examine the role of interplanetary and coronal shocks for the acceleration and propagation of energetic particles. Special attention is paid to events observed by two or more spaceprobes because the observations at different locations in space allow additional clues, as e.g. a more direct observation of the longitude range over which particles can be accelerated and injected, and helps to make the analysis less sensitive against peculiarities of individual events. We will give evidence for a prompt component (particles accelerated on the sun) in gradual events observed at large angular distances by means of the analysis of the time-development of the proton spectrum as well as by comparison of events observed at different longitudinal distances from the flare. The long time scales for the propagation of interplanetary shocks compared to the much earlier particle injection support this separation in prompt and shock-accelerated particles. Coronal shocks as an alternative mechanism for azimuthal transport for the prompt component and the particles in impulsive flares will be discussed. These observations will allow us to formulate some questions on shock acceleration and propagation.

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