The Giant Star Ca II Ionization Problem: Mass Loss Revisited

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

Pioneering studies of winds from non-coronal evolved late-type stars were plagued by uncertainties in the Ca ionization balance that resulted in very large uncertainties in derived mass-loss rates. Here we re-examine the Ca II ionization balance in these stellar winds using FUSE spectra which reveal for the first time the flux from the photoionizing radiation field shortward of 1045 Angstroms.
We present a FUSE 912-1185 Angstrom spectroscopic survey of evolved late-K and M stars; including the M giants alpha Cet (M1.5 III) gamma Cru (M3.5 III) beta Gru (M4.5 III) and R Dor (M8e III). Trends are presented of the high excitation emission of C III fluorescent Fe II pumped by H Lyman alpha and continuum fluxes with spectral-type. Using FUSE spectra of alpha Tau (K5 III) supplemented with partial redistribution calculations of H Lyman alpha and beta together with UV and radio data we present a detailed study of alpha Tau's wind ionization balance and derive new limits on its mass-loss rate

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