Unification and Cosmological Evolution of Radio Galaxies and Blazars

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Blazar subclasses ranging from flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) to low- and high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (BLs) exhibit a sequence of increasing spectral hardness with decreasing luminosity. We propose an evolutionary scenario that links FSRQ and BL subclasses with their respective parent FR II and FR I radio galaxy populations by means of a reduction of the black-hole accretion power with time. As the circumnuclear material accretes to fuel the central engine, less gas and dust is left to scatter accretion-disk radiation and produce an external Compton-scattered component in blazar spectra, in accord with spectral observations. Photomeson production from accelerated protons in blazar jets also depends sensitively on the intensity of the external radiation field. Powerful ultra-high energy ( ~ 10^13-10-18 eV) neutron, neutrino, and photon beams will be formed in FSRQs. The weaker neutral beams in BLs than FSRQs could account for the different morphologies in FR I and FR II radio galaxies. This scenario may also link radio-loud AGNs with ultraluminous infrared galaxies and radio-quiet optical QSOs, if those objects constitute the high Eddington-ratio epoch of supermassive black hole growth as indicated by current models of accretion disks.

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