Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Jun 1983
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1983mnras.203.1253g&link_type=abstract
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (ISSN 0035-8711), vol. 203, June 1983, p. 1253-1268. Research supported by the
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
17
Astronomical Models, Disk Galaxies, Interacting Galaxies, Tides, Equations Of Motion, Kinetic Energy, Mathematical Models, Virgo Galactic Cluster
Scientific paper
An analytic formalism to predict the cumulative effects of tidal encounters on disk galaxies in a variety of environments is developed. The starting point is a modification of the standard impulse approximation which softens the interactions of overlapping galaxies. This is used in computing the changes in the stellar velocities parallel and perpendicular to the plane of a target disk during a single collision. A 20,000-body simulation reveals that the corresponding energy changes are amplified only slightly by collective effects if the disk is stabilized by a halo. With this provision, the kinematic formulas are used, averaging over a realistic distribution of perturber masses and velocities. This excludes merging and adiabatic encounters, although it includes gravitational focusing and a proper weighting of the density profile in an aggregate. The results show that most of the tidal heating is caused by interpenetrating collisions with velocities a few times higher than the circular velocities of the disks. It is also found that tidal heating cannot produce thick disks from thin disks and that it is unlikely to suppress spiral structure at a significant level.
Fall Michael S.
Gerhard Ortwin E.
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