Numerical simulations of protostellar jets with nonequilibrium cooling. I - Method and two-dimensional results. II - Models of pulsed jets

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Cool Stars, Pre-Main Sequence Stars, Protostars, Pulsed Radiation, Radio Jets (Astronomy), Two Dimensional Models, Gas Dynamics, Interstellar Matter, Stellar Models

Scientific paper

A description is presented of the numerical algorithms needed to solve the coupled time-dependent hydrodynamics and nonequilibrium rate equation. A test problem based on the overstability of radiative shocks is detailed, and 2D models of protostellar jets that were computed with both time-dependent nonequilibrium cooling and time-independent cooling (using the assumption of complete ionization) are compared. Substantial differences in the morphology of the jets in these two cases are noted to be due to differences in the effective cooling rates between the two formalisms for the same model parameters. The second part of this work presents multidimensional time-dependent numerical simulations protostellar jets into a uniform ambient medium; these employ a nonequilibrium treatment of optically thin radiative cooling. Attention is given to 2D and 3D models of pulsed jets in which the jet velocity is assumed to be intrinsically variable.

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