Host Galaxies of Luminous Quasars: Structural Properties and the Fundamental Plane

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Scientific paper

A strong connection between AGN and galaxy evolution has emerged over the past decade. One way to investigate how this connection arises is to study the properties of the host galaxies of quasars, in which the galaxy is actively feeding the supermassive black hole (BH) and both BH and galaxy should be growing. We present stellar velocity dispersion, σ*, measurements in the host galaxies of 8 luminous quasars (MV < -23) using the Ca H&K lines in off-nuclear spectra. We combine these data with effective radii, Re, and surface brightnesses, μe, to place the hosts on the Fundamental Plane (FP) where their properties are compared to other types of galaxies. We find that the radio-loud (RL) QSO hosts have similar properties to massive early-type galaxies, while the radio-quiet (RQ) hosts are more similar to intermediate-mass early-types. The RL hosts lie at the upper extreme of the FP due to their higher σ* ( 351 km s-1), lower μe(r) ( 20.8 mag arcsec-2), and larger Re ( 11.6 kpc); and they have = 1.9 x 1012 Msun and = 14.1. In contrast, properties of the RQ hosts are σ* 198 km s-1, μe(r) 19.5 mag arcsec-2, Re 5.4 kpc, M* 3.5 x 1011 Msun, and M/L 3.5. The distinction between these galaxies appears to be mass, with the separation occurring at σ* 300 km s-1 and M* 7 x 1011 Msun. Our data support previous results that PG QSOs are related to gas-rich galaxy mergers that form intermediate-mass galaxies, while RL QSOs reside in massive early-type galaxies, some of which show signs of recent mergers. Most previous work has drawn these conclusions by inferring host galaxy properties from estimated BH mass, while here we have relied purely on directly measured host galaxy properties.

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