Evidence for Preserved dikes intruding the Noachian Crust and Major Geologic Transitions in the Walls of Valles Marineris, Mars

Mathematics – Logic

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Valles Marineris is a unique vertical section through the uppermost kilometers of the martian crust; its location, east of Tharsis bulge, and its water-related history, suggest a great diversity of rock types in this area. HiRISE and CRISM data available over the walls of the canyon were analyzed to infer the importance of volcanism and sedimentary processes through time. A typical succession of horizontal units of distinct morphologies and mineralogies was observed in the Eastern part of Valles Marineris, including basaltic lavas, phyllosilicate-rich boulders and a LCP (Low-Calcium Pyroxene)-rich basement. This basement, interpreted as being an uniquely preserved outcrop of pristine Noachian crust [1], is intruded by dikes [2]. One CRISM observation is available on a dike, showing an olivine-rich signature at its location. Preserved and emplaced Noachian crustal material is rare on the martian surface and such detections bring precious information about early igneous processes. All the aforementioned detections are generally limited to eastern Valles Marineris, while the western part of the canyon system seems cut in a different material, with no obvious mineralogical signature, but consistent with volcanic material [1,3]. The occurrence of early crustal material and multiple mixed hydrated mineral detections contribute to the need for future martian exploration in Valles Marineris.

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