Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Dec 2010
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2010agufmsm34a..06m&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010, abstract #SM34A-06
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
[1946] Informatics / Metadata, [1964] Informatics / Real-Time And Responsive Information Delivery, [7500] Solar Physics, Astrophysics, And Astronomy
Scientific paper
In the last two decades the Heliophysics community has witnessed the societal recognition of the importance of space weather and space climate for our technology and ecology, resulting in a renewed priority for and investment in Heliophysics. As a result of that and the explosive development of information technology, Heliophysics has experienced an exponential growth in the amount and variety of data acquired, as well as the easy electronic storage and distribution of these data. The Heliophysics community has responded well to these challenges. The first, most obvious and most needed response, was the development of Virtual Heliophysics Observatories. While the VxOs of Heliophysics still need a lot of work with respect to the expansion of search options and interoperability, I believe the basic structures and functionalities have been established, and that they meet the needs of the community. In the future we'll see a refinement, completion, and integration of VxOs, not a fundamentally different approach -- in my opinion. The challenge posed by the huge increase in amount of data is not met by VxOs alone. No individual scientist or group, even with the assistance of tons of graduate students, can analyze the torrent of data currently coming down from the fleet of heliospheric observatories. Once more information technology provides an opportunity: Automated feature recognition of solar imagery is feasible, has been implemented in a number of instances, and is strongly supported by NASA. For example, the SDO Feature Finding Team is developing a suite of 16 feature recognition modules for SDO imagery that operates in near-real time, produces space-weather warnings, and populates on-line event catalogs. Automated feature recognition -- "computer vision" -- not only save enormous amounts of time in the analysis of events, it also allows for a shift from the analysis of single events to that of sets of features and events -- the latter being by far the most important implication of computer vision. Consider some specific examples of possibilities here: From the on-line SDO metadata a user can produce with a few IDL line commands information that previously would have taken years to compile, e.g.: - Draw a butterfly diagram for Active Regions, - Find all filaments that coincide with sigmoids and correlate the automatically detected sigmoid handedness with filament chirality, - Correlate EUV jets with small scale flux emergence in coronal holes only, - Draw PIL maps with regions of high shear and large magnetic field gradients overlayed, to pinpoint potential flaring regions. Then correlate with actual flare occurrence. I emphasize that the access to those metadata will be provided by VxOs, and that the interplay between computer vision codes and data will be facilitated by VxOs. My vision for the near and medium future for the VxOs is then to provide a simple and seamless interface between data, cataloged metadata, and computer vision software, either existing or newly developed by the user. Heliospheric virtual observatories and computer vision systems will work together to constantly monitor the Sun, provide space weather warnings, populate catalogs of metadata, analyze trends, and produce real-time on-line imagery of current events.
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