Infrared Remote Sensing of Giant Planets: Deciphering Structure and Dynamics

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Spacecraft data from the four giant planets, along with selected Earth-based observations, now provide the basis for significant comparative studies of the structure and dynamics of the atmospheres of these bodies. Detailed information over limited time intervals is obtained from spacecraft measurements, while on-going Earth-based monitoring permits investigation of longer-term temporal behavior. Fundamental issues to be addressed include the depth of the mean circulations, the mechanisms that establish and maintain the zonal winds, the parameters controlling the spatial scales and other observed characteristics of the jet structures, and the relationship of wave structures and isolated meteorological features to the large-scale circulations. This review primarily discusses the contributions of thermal infrared spectroscopy to the study of these issues. These contributions include inference of spatially resolved atmospheric thermal structure on all four planets, global and local energy balance determinations, composition, diabatic heating, and spatial variation of the ortho-para hydrogen ratio. The dynamical implications of these inferred properties, and their planet-to-planet similarities and differences, are summarized. Future observational objectives, with emphasis on remote sensing combined with entry probe measurements, are discussed.

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