Optical studies of transient low-mass X-ray binaries. IV - A 10-hour distortion wave in the quiescent light curve of GS 2000 + 25

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Astronomical Photometry, Light Curve, Visible Spectrum, X Ray Binaries, Stellar Color, Stellar Mass, Transient Response

Scientific paper

We present new CCD photometric observations of QZ Vul, the optical counterpart of the very soft X-ray transient GS 2000 + 25, obtained during the quiescent state in 1990 and 1991 in the Cousins I and R bands and in a broad band (VR) covering the 4700 7200 A region. Analysis of this data in combination with the 1988 outburst data reveals that a single value of the orbital period, 8.25836 +/- 0.00012 h, accounts for all existing quiescent and outburst decay observations. The quiescent double-wave light curve, whose amplitude and color signature are consistent with what is expected from the ellipsoidal shape of the dwarf G-K type companion, undergoes a sine wave distortion of 0.1 mag peak-to-peak amplitude with a 10.015 +/- 0.002 h period. This distortion wave gives a beat period of 1.96 d with the orbital period, thus reproducing from a given site a specific light curve every other day. Different possible origins for the 10 h distortion wave are discussed. An explanation in terms of a large spotted area on the companion star may account for the observations but implies a large (17 percent) departure from synchronism.

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